Much more than 20 bil, me thinks. It is 15 billion loss in value and up to 18 billion fines. Next question is what are they going to do with the affected cars. If they have to retrofit urea injection this could cost a lot, and probably will never work right. And the class law suits have already started. As someone said already on another forum this may be too much for VW to swallow.
I really cannot understand why someone in his right mind will want to save $1-2 k on a car when the potential fine is 20 times that. ANd doing that for 6 years too