To me, the big question is, what about the rest of the (non VW) automakers?

We know that engine maps have been tuned for the EPA fuel efficiency test, everything from shifting parameters to cold start modes vs warm start modes. That is legal, if done within limits.

Is it possible that no other manufacturer has played with similar algorithms as VW has done? Certainly the large truck engine manufacturers did it, but what about the current fleet?

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2007 X3 3.0si, 6 MT, Premium, White

Retired:
2008 535i, 6 MT, M Sport, Premium, Space Grey
2003 X5 3.0 Steptronic, Premium, Titanium Silver
2002 325xi 5 MT, Steel Grey
2004 Z4 3.0 Premium, Sport, SMG, Maldives Blue