There doesn't seem to be any damage on the cable
I tried 3 different carriers. Weird.
They're all OEM, used. Not cheap brands.
I did not see any rust.
I'm not sure I understand about JB Wield and how and where exactly to glue and how it will help.

I used Attacking Mid advice to tighten the cable a little bit.

As I final solution, I used the wrong notch to make it even tighter.

Now the handle works and it pulls enough to unlock.
I used a vise to force it in.

The wrong notch is a lot bigger and won't allow the clip into, so with vise it worked and now the door handle is working