- It is better if you post as jpeg (instead of pdf), this way people don't have to download and open the pdf. You can use basic Windows program Paint to edit your photos.

- Re tool: if I ever do this job again (hope not), I'd use a dedicated tool such as the tool I posted in post #8.
It has a longer section to "bite" better on the pipe, so it does not slip. The generic tool does not have enough length, thus the sliding during making flare. the standard tool works for Ni-Cu pipe bc the force needed to make the flare is less than steel pipe. For steel pipe, definitely use the dedicated tool.

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1998 E39 528i 5sp MT
2006 E53 X5 3.0 6sp MT