My charge air temperature sensor failed some years ago and put the vehicle on limp mode. I replaced it, the MAFS, and all of the other pressure and temperature sensors in the intake tract. Problem gone.

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8/2011 X5 xDrive35d Sport, Black Sapphire Metallic, Black Nevada Leather, Fine Burr Walnut Trim
2/2001 M5, Jet Black, Exclusive Complete Black Walk Nappa Point Heritage Leather, Black Cubic Trim