I have read that these symptoms can be caused by timing chain rail failure. I would do some reading on that as the diesel sound and the ses code fit. It's not highly common but it happens. You may not want to start it until you can make sure that it's not that issue as it could damage the engine. One of the articles I read on the subject suggested looking in the oil filter for attic bits as this is a dead giveaway. Probably a decent idea since its easy to check. Hope that helps out

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2013 X5 xDrive3.5i Premium
2002 530I Sport Package
2001 X5 4.4i
2001 M3