Guys, here's an update on my brake situation. Last Thursday or Friday, the car gave me a "Check Brake Linings" error. So this was the brake pads, apparently.
Anyway, I went to see my independent mechanic on Friday afternoon, so that I could be diagnosed for real. He said front and rear pads needed to be replaced, but I could still drive for a week or so, despite the sensor thing.
Well, I've gone 600km since the error, and the car brakes still feel just fine. So, in the future, if your sensor tells you this error, you're good to go for a long while. Tomorrow (Monday), the pads will be changed.