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The fuel pressure readings are close enough to spec that I do not believe it is a factor. I don't think volume is to blame either because under wide open throttle there'd be a steady decline in pressure as the engine consumes more fuel than the system can supply. This is what happened when my e30 had a failing fuel pump; idle and cruise pressure would be fine but would drop 15-20 psi under load. Even at 15 psi below spec the e30 would run decently, just down on power. It doesn't make sense that the X5 would fall completely on its face with 50 psi fuel pressure at the rail. As far as the fuel pressure drop when the pump is shut off, this was because the tester fitting leaked the whole time the system was pressurized.
Vacuum leak(s) seem more likely now. There was a suggestion to have a shop run a smoke test but I am more confident in my efforts and attention in finding these leaks than our local indy shops. I have ordered a self-powered smoke machine that puts out an advertised 6L/min @ 19psi which is significantly better than the cobbled-together thing I borrowed earlier. I've also ordered replacement DISA O-rings from G.A.S.
Now to find an enclosed garage to work in or wait for a dead calm wind day - both rare in Hawaii. Will report back.
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2003 E53 X5 3.0i 5MT
2003 E53 X5 4.4i
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